Abstract
Introduction: Relative to antiretroviral treatment (ART), early HIV cure-related trials (HCRTs) carry limited therapeutic
benefits and unknown risks. In HCRTs requiring treatment interruption (TI) the health risks and burdens may create a
barrier to study enrolment and increase the possibility for unintentional ethical violations in recruitment.
Methods: An online survey was administered to over 2,000 HIV-positive ART users in the US. Using multivariable ordinal
regression we assessed effects of research participation attitudes, health and demographic traits on willingness to
participate in treatment interruption studies (WtP-TI).
Results: WtP-TI was greatest among those who were highly motivated to participate in research studies for the benefit
of science, society and, to a lesser extent, personal benefit. Personal benefit was less of an influence on WtP-TI among
persons with higher viral loads or a history of multiple ART regimens. WtP-TI was greater among respondents who were
more likely to consider personal health in making decisions about trial participation. WtP-TI had no association with
perceptions of the importance of compensation to research participation. After accounting for attitudes, health status and
demographic traits were generally not significantly related to WtP-TI. Notable exceptions included viral suppression status
and race/ethnicity.
Conclusion: Recruitment strategies in TI studies can benefit from a focus on the long-term scientific and social benefits
of study participation. Strategies targeted to particular demographic groups may have little impact on accrual, and in
some cases will need to be accompanied by strategies to improve the quality of researcher-community relationships.
Findings also suggest that informing communities about the health impacts of trial participation may positively impact
participation decisions. However, more research is needed to interpret the impact of health messaging on recruitment and
therapeutic expectations. Future work should explore the implications of altruism-based expectations on the strategic and
ethical appropriateness of TI study recruitment efforts.
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